Rabu, 23 Mei 2012

Noun Phrase

Teman-teman kita belajar satu lg hari ini pelajaran sangat berharga dan itu pasti di pke trus dalam keseharian kita coyy..nah, bagi yang masih belum mengerti apa noun phrase baca disini nihh.. eng-enggg.......

As we've seen, a noun phrase has a noun as its Head. Determiners and adjective phrases usually constitute the pre-Head string:
[NP the children]
[NP happy children]
[NP the happy children]

In theory at least, the post-Head string in an NP can be indefinitely long:
[NP the dog that chased the cat that killed the mouse that ate the cheese that was made from the milk that came from the cow that...] http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/phrases/np.htm

Indonesianya : dlm arti noun phrase itu adalah kata benda yang mempunyai kata keterangan dimana kata keterangan ini berfungsi menerangkan sifat, posisi, kedudukan, atau apa saja yang sifatnya “menerangkan” dari kata benda tersebut. http://www.tambahwawasan.com/frasa-kata-benda-noun-phrase/

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Fortunately, they are rarely as long as this in real use.
The Head of an NP does not have to be a common or a proper noun. Recall that pronouns are a subclass of nouns. This means that pronouns, too, can function as the Head of an NP:
[NP I] like coffee
The waitress gave [NP me] the wrong dessert
[NP This] is my car

If the Head is a pronoun, the NP will generally consist of the Head only. This is because pronouns do not take determiners or adjectives, so there will be no pre-Head string. However, with some pronouns, there may be a post-Head string:
[NP Those who arrive late] cannot be admitted until the interval
Similarly, numerals, as a subclass of nouns, can be the Head of an NP:
[NP Two of my guests] have arrived
[NP The first to arrive] was John
mksudnya:
Misalkan kata “BUKU”. Jika dia berdiri sendiri, maka itu adalah kata benda. Namun jika kita menambahkan “modifier” atau kata lain yang menerangkan keberadaan buku tersebut, seperti misalnya “BUKU MERAH”, maka itulah yang disebut frase kata benda. Atau bisa juga “BUKU BARU”, “BUKU TULIS”, dsb.
Sampai disini pasti kita sudah paham maknanya dalam Bahasa Indonesia.

Selanjutnya dalam Bahasa Inggris nih. Dalam penggunaannya, terdapat dua ketentuan yang berlaku untuk membentuk NOUN PHRASE, yaitu:

Pertama, Pembentukan FKB atau Noun Phrase biasanya mengikuti kaidah M-H, atau modifier-head, kecuali untuk kata-kata tertentu, dan jika terdapat kata of.
Maksudnya adalah, kebalikan dari yang berlaku pada Bahasa Indonesia, Noun Phrase menggunakan rumus M-H, yaitu kata yang menerangkan (modifier) kata yang diterangkan (head). berada didepan

Example:

Red book, new book, green house, good movie, three children, nice food, white hair, water canon, etc.
Untuk yang menggunakan of, contohnya adalah: glass of milk, key of the door, the beautiful of life, etc.
Kedua, kata kerja/ verb+ing dapat menjadi modifier maupun head dalam sebuah noun phrase.
Example:
verb+ing sebagai modifier
waiting room, washing machine, frezing weather, frying pan, etc.
verb+ing sebagai head
letter writing, story telling, sun bathing, first looking, second attempting, etc.
Nah, untuk penulisan atau penggunaannya, masih ada aturan lainnya (banyak bgt aturannya ya..).

Urutan penulisan Noun Phrase dalam Bahasa Inggris mengikuti aturan seperti berikut:

1. Determiner, isinya a / an (sebuah) atau bisa juga the
2. Opinion, opini orang ttg benda utama. (mis. handsome, beautiful, cute, dll.)
3. Size, ukuran dong (mis. small. large, big, huge, dll)
4. Age, umur, jaman, pokonya yang berhubungan dengan waktu (mis. old, modern, dll)
5. Temperature, dah tau kan?
6. Shape, bentuk, penampakan, dll
7. Colour, gampang gak perlu dibahas
8. Original, maksudnya adalah asal benda utama (berasal). Terdiri dari dua;
a. Country / City, asal tempat (negara/kota)
b. Material, asal bahan (besi, emas, kain, dll)
9. Purpose, berhubungan dengan tujuan dari benda utama.
10. Noun, nah yang terakhir ini adalah kata benda utama.
Sekarang sebuah contoh noun phrase lengkap sesuai dengan 10 urutan di atas:
bendanya adalah Car atau mobil
A cute small modern cool round red Germany metallic racing car
hehehe…. coba artikan!
A=1, cute=2, small=3, modern=4, cool=5, round=6, red=7, Germany=8a, metallic=8b, racing=9, car=10.
Contoh lain yang lebih pendek:
  • Alex is a smart tall white boy (a=1, smart=2, tall=3, white=7, boy=10)
  • It’s a beautiful red car (a=1, beautiful=2, red=7, car=10)
  • Mr. Aldy has just bought an expensive large house (an=1, expensive=2, large=3, house=10.

 http://www.tambahwawasan.com/frasa-kata-benda-noun-phrase/



Sabtu, 28 Januari 2012

Prepositional Phrase


Prepositional Phrase
Definition: a prepositional phrase is the preposition an the noun following it.
The preposition is in the head position,and the noun is in the complement position.
Here are other examples of preposition phrase:
-       The man is from Japan
-       We will discuss the matter after breakfast
-       She put the book on the table


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Perpect tense


Perpect tense
Definition =>
Present perpect tense is used for describing a past action effect on the present. Present perpect tense is formed by combaining have/has with the main verbs past participle.
The pattern:
(+) s+ have/has +verb II +complement
(-) S+ have/has + not+ verb II+complement
(?) have/has+ S+ verb II+complement+?

Example:
-       She has arrived
-       She has not arrived
-       Has she arrived?











Vocabs: Shape, parts of body


Vocabs: Shape, parts of body
the body= tubuh
1.    Hair
2.    Head
3.    Neck
4.    Shoulder
5.    Chest
6.    Stomach
7.    Arm
8.    Elbow
9.    Hand
10. Finger
11. Leg
12. Foot
13. Sole
14. Toes
Shape
1.    Oval                                                    10. Hexagon
2.    Circle                                                  11. Trapezoid 
3.    Square                                                12. Star
4.    Triangle                                              13. Pentagon 5 sides
5.    Shell                                                   14. Diamond
6.    Rectangle                                           15. parallelogram
7.    Heart
8.    Cylinder
9.    Pyramid